Uluṟu National Park authorities have allegedly fined film production companies and private vloggers for shooting scenes of sites sacred to Aṉangu people.
However, Parks Australia has denied tourists in the area received penalty notices for a breach of specific permits at Uluṟu and Kata Tjuta.
An Australian couple documenting their recent bush travels raised the issue, claiming they had been ordered to delete some of their Uluṟu travel videos and Instagram posts months after returning from a Central Australian outback adventure.
Britt and Tim Cromie told online followers they felt blindsided by strict media guidelines applied at the iconic rock landmarks - even for visitors sharing photos to personal accounts.
"There was a media guideline that you had to abide by that you had to apply for a permit to post anything about Uluṟu - fine, we weren't aware about that," Ms Cromie said in a video posted to Instagram.
"We got an email back about three months after we went to the NT and there's about 20 lines of fineable offences."
They said they were required to edit or delete 16 videos and Instagram posts which were deemed to be inappropriate to avoid paying fines, despite previously telling media they had an Indigenous cultural guide alongside them at the time.
The husband and wife travellers willingly obliged with the orders, writing in the Instagram post: "Not because we're mad, not because we don't care, but because we do, and we weren't across the guidelines when we visited."
Ms Cromie said signage at the sacred sites indicating what not to photograph "wasn't clear enough".
"After applying for a media permit (something all creators should do here), we received a detailed review showing that parts of our footage included sacred or restricted areas, and photographable areas that still have rules," she said.
"Some we genuinely didn't realise were off-limits at the time."
Authorities allegedly told the Cromies removing a branch near the Uluṟu site from the side of the road to wave away flies were considered "culturally sensitive".
Parks Australia has a 28-page media policy which illustrates permits including a $250 fee for commercial filming and $20 a day for commercial photography.
Fines of $5000 can apply for breaches of rules on filming and photography.
Additionally, tourists are charged $38 per person for a park entry pass over a three-day visit.
Park Australia's Uluṟu-Kata Tjuta National Park website explains the reasons behind the strict conditions.
"The rock details and features at these sites are equivalent to sacred scripture for Aṉangu," the website reads.
"They describe culturally important information and should only be viewed in the original location and by specific people.
"'It is inappropriate for images of sensitive sites to be viewed elsewhere, so taking any photos of these places is prohibited."
Parks Australia public affairs officer, Georgie Gowing, denied fines were enforced, and said offenders were being cautioned with a warning and educated on cultural practices of spiritual significance to Aṉangu persons.
However Ms Gowing admitted some culturally insensitive shots were purposely being deterred.
She said visitors have been encouraged to take wide-angle shots of Uluṟu on the monolith's north-west side, and not to focus or zoom into culturally significant sites.
"Aṉangu (people), the park's Traditional Owners, welcome visitors to Uluṟu-Kata Tjuta National Park," she told National Indigenous Times.
"Aṉangu and Parks Australia have developed guidelines for the use of imagery of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuta National Park.
"This includes areas where visitors are asked not to film or take photographs out of respect for Aṉangu, as they are culturally sensitive or registered sacred sites."
Media guidelines under a permit system for commercial purposes were first developed through consultations with Aṉangu community members in 1987.
According to Parks Australia, the guidelines have evolved over time to remain in line with the changing media landscape.
Ms Gowing emphasised visitors snapping images and sharing them on private social media accounts do not need a permit.
"(But) there are a number of areas in the national park, where visitors and permit holders alike, are asked not to take photographs or film," she said.
"These sites are identified by signage and on visitor materials, including the Uluṟu website, and visitor maps and guides."
Ms Gowing says Parks Australia is committed to working with media and content producers to ensure they can produce engaging content that complies with legislation and "respects the wishes of the Aṉangu Traditional Owners".
Aboriginal sacred sites are recognised and protected as an integral part of Northern Territory's and Australia's cultural heritage, under the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976 and the Northern Territory Aboriginal Sacred Sites Act 1989.
The entire Uluṟu National Park is also protected by the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, which outlines measures to protect flora and fauna, and guides what people can and cannot do while on Aṉangu land.
The Act details fines are applicable for breaches over damage to native vegetation, while the park's specific sacred sites are covered under all legislation."People who post material showing sensitive or sacred sites are simply requested to remove it," Ms Gowing said.
"Permit holders are welcome to edit their material and resubmit it for review if it does not meet the guidelines."
Multiple award-winning Larrakia actress, Miranda Tapsell, recently blasted influencers for travelling to Uluṟu National Park and its sacred sites to create social media content.
The 37-year-old Territorian added one of Australia's most spiritual locations for Indigenous people was a "point of pride for the Traditional Owners".
"A lot of Traditional Owners of that area feel responsible for the visitors that come to the place," she said a recent podcast.
"Even if you don't believe in the spirituality that surrounds the place, you are going to someone's house.
"So, you do have to have a certain respect about what you can photograph, especially if it's a particular place where thousands of women have had their babies or where hundreds of men throughout the generations have danced."
Ms Tapsell's remarks were not specifically targeting the Cromies, however she added respecting cultural rules was "so straightforward and so not complicated".
Prominent First Nations political figure and Bundjalung man, Warren Mundine, added to the voices defending strict rules regarding filming and photographing sacred sites.
However the man who was once former Prime Minister Tony Abbott's government chairman of the Indigenous Advisory Council stopped short of threatening visitors such as the Cromies with unnecessary fines.
Mr Mundine argued "whacking them with fines would be going too far".
"I've gone to Uluṟu and taken photos and filmed out there," he said, The Daily Mail reports.
"But we did those things under permits, and we had a cultural guide with us, making sure we did not take pictures of certain sites.
"I can understand the innocence of it and the mistake they've probably made.
"But, to us, it was made quite clear what the rules were, what angles we could take the photos at, and making sure we didn't take the wrong photos."
Authorities checked Mr Mundine's photos afterwards to ensure images complied with the protocols and wishes of the Aṉangu people.